Althea Gibson

Althea Gibson, An African-American Woman Pioneer In Professional Tennis And Golf

Althea Gibson was born 8. 25, 1927. She was an African American tennis player.

From Silver, South Carolina, the family moved to Harlem in New York City when she was three. Growing up there, Gibson disliked going to school so much that she often played hooky. What Gibson liked to do was play sports; at first basketball was her favorite, then paddle tennis. Then a friendly musician gave her a tennis racket, and she immediately took to the game. She quit high school not because of tennis but because she couldn't stand classes and began competing in girls tournaments under the auspices of the American Tennis Association, which was almost all black.

In 1946, she attracted the attention of two tennis-playing doctors, Hubert Eaton of North Carolina and Robert W. Johnson of Virginia, who were active in the black tennis community. Soon-to-be welterweight champion Sugar Ray Robinson and his wife, who had befriended Gibson, advised her to go south. She did. Each doctor took her into his family — Eaton during the school year, Johnson in the summer. Not only did they provide tennis instruction, they also straightened her out academically. She went back to high school for her last three years and graduated in 1949 in Wilmington, North Carolina. As the two-time winner of the national black women's tennis championship, Gibson thought she had a good case for being admitted to the 1950 U. S. Nationals.

But it appeared as if she were going to be shut out again until Alice Marble, a four-time winner of the event, advanced her cause in the July 1950 issue of "American Lawn Tennis" magazine. "If Althea Gibson represents a challenge to the present crop of players, then it's only fair that they meet this challenge on the courts," Marble wrote. In her celebrated debut at the 1950 U. S. Nationals, Gibson beat Barbara Knapp in straight sets. Her second-round match on the grass of Forest Hills was against Louise Brough, who had won the previous three Wimbledon’s. After being beaten 6-1 in the first set, Gibson recovered to win the second set 6-3 and led 7-6 in the third when a thunderstorm struck, halting the match. When it resumed the next day, Gibson dropped three straight games to lose the match.

It took Gibson a while to adjust to the stronger competition. She also remained unwelcome at some clubs where tournaments were held. She was ranked number 9 among American women in 1952, but it wasn't until four years later that Gibson displayed the game of a player ready to move into the first echelon. She won her first major in 1956, the French championships on the clay courts in Paris. The next year, she made more history by winning Wimbledon and the U. S. Nationals, the first Black to win either. Even while winning tournaments she was denied rooms at hotels. One refused to book reservations for a luncheon in her honor. She said she didn't care. "I tried to feel responsibilities to Negroes, but that was a burden on my shoulders," she said in 1957. Including six doubles titles, she won a total of 11 Grand Slam events on her way to the International Tennis Hall of Fame and the International Women's Sports Hall of Fame.

Her singles record at the Grand Slams events was an impressive 53-9, 16-1 at Wimbledon, 27-7 at the U. S., 6-0 at the French and 4-1 at the Australian. One year she earned a reported $100,000 in conjunction with playing a series of matches before Harlem Globetrotter basketball games. There was no professional tennis tour in those days. Gibson turned to the pro golf tour for a few years, but she didn't excel. She tried playing a few events after open tennis started in 1968, but by then she was in her 40s and too old to beat her younger opponents.

She worked as a tennis teaching pro after she stopped competing. Gibson has turned into a recluse in her well-kept garden apartment in East Orange, New Jersey, according to sources she is suffering in silence from a series of strokes and ailments brought on by a disease she is simply said to have described as "terminal." "If it hadn't been for her," says Billie Jean King, winner of 12 Grand Slam singles titles, "it wouldn't have been so easy for Arthur (Ashe) or the ones who followed."

Althea Gibson died on September 29, 2003 of respiratory failure at a hospital in East Orange, N.J..

Reference:
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